A vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina, causing involuntary urinary leakage. Surgical repair is the standard approach, and the management protocol addresses both operative and perioperative considerations to achieve durable closure.
Surgical repair is performed via one of several operative routes, with the choice guided by surgeon preference; the full protocol specifies detailed perioperative preparation and postoperative care steps that go beyond route selection alone.
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005468