Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome involves pain and dysfunction of the jaw joint and associated musculature. When first-line conservative measures do not provide adequate relief, or when severe acute exacerbations arise, a structured interventional approach is indicated.
This protocol is directed at patients with TMJ syndrome whose conservative management has proven insufficient, or who require intervention during a severe acute exacerbation. Both the joint itself and the surrounding musculature may be targeted depending on the clinical picture.
If conservative therapies fail, or for severe acute exacerbations, intra-articular injection of local anesthetics or steroids may be used for TMJ syndrome.
However, repeated intra-articular injections are not recommended.
Intramuscular injection of onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) has been advocated for management of myofascial pain.
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