Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome involves dysfunction of the jaw joint and surrounding structures, with pain and teeth grinding (bruxism) among the common presenting features. Management is stepwise, and patients who do not respond adequately to initial interventions may require escalation to second-line pharmacological options.
A specific class of systemic agents is recognised as a second-line option when pain and teeth grinding persist. The complete protocol — including which agents within this class are used, the criteria for escalation, and full clinical guidance — is available in the structured regimen.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are second-line options for pain and teeth grinding.
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