This protocol covers the lower-risk sub-group of Stage I seminoma — patients who present without either of the two pathological features used to stratify risk at this stage. This specific combination determines which management approach is appropriate.
Stage I seminoma with absence of both risk factors:
Risk stratification in clinical Stage I seminoma is based on tumour size and rete testis infiltration status. Absence of both defines the lower-risk category; presence of one or both defines higher risk.
DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.01.002
In seminoma clinical stage I, tumour size and possibly rete testis infiltration represent weaker risk factors identifying 'higher-risk' patients.
Lower and higher risk based on size of primary tumour and infiltration of rete testis with lower risk defined as absence of both risk factors and higher risk as presence of one or both risk factors.
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