Cerebral schistosomiasis is a serious neurological manifestation of schistosomal infection. When CNS involvement is accompanied by signs of intracranial hypertension, management departs significantly from standard systemic disease and follows a specific, staged approach.
Schistosomiasis with CNS involvement and signs of intracranial hypertension. All Schistosoma species may infect the central nervous system; cerebral disease is most frequently caused by S. japonicum.
The primary intervention is neurosurgical — directed at removing the lesion or lesions responsible for raised intracranial pressure — followed by a course of medical treatment. The complete protocol specifies the agents, sequencing, and adjunctive considerations for this combination approach.