Retropharyngeal Abscess in Children Ages 2–6 Not Improving After Initial Inpatient Antibiotic Therapy

This protocol addresses the child older than 12 months and under 7 years — specifically 2 years of age or older — presenting with a retropharyngeal, parapharyngeal, or pharyngeal abscess who is non-toxic in appearance, hemodynamically stable, handling secretions, and has no penicillin allergy, no history of MRSA, no immunocompromise, no prior neck or airway surgery, no compromised airway, no head or neck trauma, and is not septic or in shock.

Patient Profile

Key qualifying features for this scenario:

Age 2–6 years Retropharyngeal / parapharyngeal / pharyngeal abscess Non-toxic appearance Handling secretions Hemodynamically stable No MRSA history No penicillin allergy No immunocompromise Airway intact

Previous treatment did not achieve its goals. The patient was admitted to General Pediatrics and started on inpatient IV antibiotic therapy with Ampicillin/Sulbactam, with a planned step-down to oral Amoxicillin/Clavulanate upon clinical improvement. The expected milestones — well-appearing with stable vital signs, an improving fever curve and labs, and tolerating oral medication and diet by 24–48 hours of antibiotic treatment — were not met. This protocol defines the next management step after that failure.

Next-Step Approach

Management at this stage involves specific measures around oral intake together with specialist-coordinated diagnostic imaging.

The complete sequencing, imaging criteria, and specialist involvement are detailed in the full protocol…
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DOI: 10.3390/children9050618

Patient >12 months and <7 years old

Retropharyngeal; parapharyngeal; pharyngeal abscess

Non-toxic

Handling secretions

Hemodynamically stable

Immunocompromised

Prior neck or airway surgery

Patient appears septic/in shock

Compromised airway

Head/neck/airway trauma

Inpatient if <2 years old and/or history of MRSA

NPO

CT order after discussion with ENT

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