Locally advanced renal cell carcinoma at the T3 or T4 stage represents a surgically complex presentation, where the primary tumour has extended beyond the kidney into surrounding structures or major vessels. Surgical strategy for these cases differs meaningfully from early-stage disease.
This protocol addresses patients with histologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma staged as T3 or T4 — tumours with direct extension beyond the renal capsule, into the renal vein or vena cava, or involving adjacent organs. The complexity of local disease drives the choice of surgical approach.
A specific surgical intervention serves as the established standard of care for complex T3 and T4 tumours; the access or technique used may vary depending on tumour characteristics and centre expertise. The complete protocol details — including selection criteria and approach guidance — are available via the full regimen.
DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.05.537
Locally advanced RCC (T3 and T4). Open RN remains the SoC for complex T3 and T4 tumours, although robotic and laparoscopic approaches can be considered.
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