Para adultos com pressão arterial elevada, um programa estruturado e baseado em evidências de modificação do estilo de vida é a abordagem de primeira linha recomendada para atingir as metas pressóricas e reduzir o risco cardiovascular a longo prazo.
O objetivo clínico é o controle sustentado da pressão sistólica e diastólica:
PAS Média <130 mm Hg & PAD Média <80 mm HgO manejo orientado por diretrizes concentra-se em um programa de estilo de vida multicomponente — abrangendo mudanças alimentares, gerenciamento direcionado do peso e um plano estruturado de atividade física — com metas específicas e quantificadas para cada fator modificável. O protocolo completo define quais componentes se aplicam, em que sequência e em quais limiares.
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356
For all adults, lifestyle changes, including maintaining or achieving a healthy weight, following a heart-healthy eating pattern (such as DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension]), reducing sodium intake, increasing dietary potassium intake, adopting a moderate physical activity program, managing stress, and reducing or eliminating alcohol intake are strongly recommended to prevent or treat elevated blood pressure and hypertension.
In adults who have overweight or obesity, weight loss is recommended with a goal of at least 5% of body weight reduction to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
In adults with or without hypertension, a heart-healthy eating pattern, such as the DASH eating plan, is recommended to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
In adults with or without hypertension, reduction of dietary sodium intake is recommended to <2300 mg/d, moving toward an ideal limit of <1500 mg/d to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
In adults with or without hypertension, increasing physical activity, through a structured exercise program that includes aerobic exercise and/or resistance training, is recommended to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
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