This protocol targets post COVID-19 condition in patients with long COVID who develop postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) — a setting where autonomic dysregulation shapes the management approach.
Patients with long COVID who present with POTS symptoms represent a specific subset. Treatment decisions — spanning non-pharmacological and pharmacological options — are guided by the individual patient's hemodynamic status.
For patients whose symptoms persist despite initial management, noninvasive neuromodulation represents a recognised next step. The structured protocol specifies which modalities apply, how they are sequenced, and how the approach is individualised to the patient — details that go beyond this overview.
DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0024
When patients with long COVID complain of POTS symptoms, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments may be considered depending on their hemodynamic status (G, IIb).
For persistent symptoms even with non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, noninvasive neuromodulation emerged as a favorable option in recent years.
Modalities such as cognitive behavioral therapy, breathing retraining, and paced postural exercise have been proposed.
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