Treatment of Portal Hypertension in Liver Cirrhosis with Hepatic Hydrothorax and Ascites

This protocol covers portal hypertension in a patient with liver cirrhosis who has developed hepatic hydrothorax in the setting of ascites. Hydrothorax is common in patients with ascites and can substantially compromise respiratory status.

The primary clinical target is restoring adequate pulmonary function by addressing the pleural fluid accumulation driven by portal hypertension.

Management centres on procedural interventions for fluid removal to achieve immediate improvement in pulmonary function. The complete regimen — including specific procedures, their sequencing, indications by patient status, and all clinical decision points — is available in the full structured protocol.