Nipah virus infection
ICD-10 B33.8 · ICD-11 1D63&XN931

Treatment of Nipah Virus Infection in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Nipah virus infection can manifest with severe respiratory compromise. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a recognised syndromic presentation and demands prompt, structured respiratory intervention.

Clinical Scenario
The patient has Nipah virus infection presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is one of the recognised syndromic presentations of Nipah disease and is commonly associated with significant hypoxemia that requires active respiratory management.
Management Approach

Severe ARDS in Nipah virus infection is often associated with refractory hypoxemia; early identification is essential. Management centres on mechanical ventilation with specifically configured settings — a structured ventilator approach is used to address hypoxemia. The complete parameter set, combinations, and decision sequence are detailed in the full protocol.

Oxygenation Target

The clinical goal is a defined oxygenation target:

PaO2 55–80 mm Hg  or  SpO2 88–95%
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References

The syndromic presentations are ARDS, Myocarditis and Encephalitis.

Severe ARDS is often associated with refractory hypoxemia, and early identification and treatment of hypoxemia is mandatory.

For mechanical ventilation specific settings are recommended: limitation of tidal volume (6 ml/kg predicted body weight), adequate high PEEP, a recruitment manoeuvre in special situations, and a 'balanced' respiratory rate (20-30/min) for appropriate baseline minute ventilation.

Consider the use of incremental FiO2/PEEP combinations to achieve oxygenation goal (PaO2 55-80 mm Hg or SpO2 88-95 %).

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