Organ-Threatening Microscopic Polyangiitis When Initial Induction Therapy Did Not Achieve Remission

This protocol applies to patients with organ-threatening or life-threatening microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) whose disease has not responded adequately to first-line induction treatment.

Clinical Scenario

Microscopic polyangiitis with organ-threatening or life-threatening disease manifestations. Current evidence-based recommendations call for induction with glucocorticoids combined with rituximab or cyclophosphamide as the first step for patients in this category.

Prior Treatment — Goals Not Achieved

First-line induction for organ-threatening MPA involves glucocorticoids in combination with rituximab or cyclophosphamide. The targets this line must achieve are:

• Remission at 6 months — defined as absence of typical signs, symptoms, or other features of active ANCA-associated vasculitis
• Sustained remission throughout the maintenance period

When these targets are not met, escalation to the next-line protocol is indicated.

Next-Step Approach

Management of refractory disease begins with a thorough reassessment of disease status and comorbidities; the protocol then specifies adjustments to the immunosuppressive approach and the role of specialist referral.

The overarching goal remains remission: absence of typical signs, symptoms, or other features of active ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Instant Access to Structured Evidence-Based Regimens
References
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223764
For induction of remission in patients with new-onset or relapsing GPA or MPA with organ-threatening or life-threatening disease, we recommend treatment with a combination of glucocorticoids and either rituximab or cyclophosphamide.
For patients with GPA or MPA with disease refractory to therapy to induce remission, we recommend a thorough reassessment of disease status and comorbidities and consideration of options for additional or different treatment.
These patients should be managed in close conjunction with, or referred to, a centre with expertise in vasculitis.
Absence of typical signs, symptoms, or other features of active AAV with or without immunosuppressive therapy.
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