Treatment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Clinical Scenario

This protocol addresses patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who have developed leptomeningeal metastasis — spread of the malignancy to the leptomeninges. This represents a distinct and serious clinical situation that requires a dedicated, targeted management approach.

Clinical Evidence

Two phase I/II studies have demonstrated good tolerance of intrathecal trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. A meta-analysis of 58 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and leptomeningeal metastasis treated with intrathecal trastuzumab — alone or in combination with systemic pharmacotherapy — reported a median overall survival of 13.2 months.

Treatment Approach

Current evidence supports an intrathecal targeted therapy strategy for this population. This approach can be delivered alone or in combination with systemic pharmacotherapy, with dosing schedules differing between the two established trial regimens.

Specific dosing, administration intervals, and the full clinical algorithm are available in the structured protocol below.

Instant Access to Structured Evidence-Based Regimens

References

DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101624

Two phase I/II studies have shown a good tolerance of intrathecal trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.

A meta-analysis of 58 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and LM treated with intrathecal trastuzumab alone (n = 20) or in combination with systemic pharmacotherapy (n = 37) reported a median OS of 13.2 months.

In the first trial (NCT01373710), intrathecal trastuzumab was administered alone or in combination with systemic pharmacotherapy once weekly.

The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was 150 mg.

In the other trial (NCT01325207), intrathecal trastuzumab was administered twice per week for 4 weeks, then weekly for 4 weeks and then every 2 weeks; the RP2D was 80 mg.

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