Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke from Anterior Circulation Proximal Large Vessel Occlusion (ICA or M1)
This protocol defines the evidence-based approach to acute ischemic stroke caused by proximal large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation — the internal carotid artery (ICA) or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery — presenting within 24 hours of symptom onset in patients with significant neurological deficit and preserved brain tissue on imaging.
Clinical scenario
- Acute ischemic stroke from anterior circulation proximal large vessel occlusion of the ICA or M1
- NIHSS score ≥6
- Prestroke mRS score 0–1 (functionally independent before the event)
- ASPECTS 3 to 10 on imaging
- Presenting within 24 hours from onset of symptoms
Treatment approach (partial overview)
Management centres on a catheter-based endovascular intervention targeting mechanical reperfusion of the occluded vessel. The procedure is performed as rapidly as possible after imaging confirms eligibility, within defined time windows — either within 6 hours, or between 6 and 24 hours when appropriate imaging criteria are met.
Specific technique, device selection, anaesthetic management, and the full imaging-based selection criteria are detailed in the complete structured regimen.
Clinical goal
The primary angiographic target is reperfusion to an extended TICI grade 2b/2c/3, achieved as early as possible within the therapeutic window to maximise functional benefit at 90 days.
References
DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000513
- In patients with AIS from anterior circulation proximal LVO of the ICA or M1, presenting within 6 hours from onset of symptoms, with NIHSS score ≥6, prestroke mRS score of 0 to 1, and ASPECTS 3 to 10, EVT is recommended to improve functional clinical outcomes and reduce mortality.
- In patients with AIS from anterior circulation proximal LVO of the ICA or M1 presenting between 6 and 24 hours from onset of symptoms, with NIHSS score ≥6, prestroke mRS score 0 to 1 and ASPECTS ≥6, EVT is recommended to improve functional clinical outcomes and reduce mortality.
- In patients with AIS due to an LVO, EVT with stent retrievers, contact aspiration, or combination techniques is recommended to achieve rapid and adequate reperfusion.
- In patients with AIS undergoing EVT, reperfusion to an extended TICI grade 2b/2c/3 is recommended as early as possible within the therapeutic window to achieve maximum functional benefit at 90 days.
- In patients with AIS undergoing EVT, either general anesthesia or procedural sedation are recommended to facilitate EVT.
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