A patient with IgA nephropathy who experiences a rapid, severe loss of kidney function — defined as a 50% or greater fall in eGFR within three months — with histological features on biopsy consistent with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
Rapidly progressive IgAN is defined as a ≥50% decline in eGFR over ≤3 months, after excluding other causes of RPGN (such as ANCA-associated vasculitis and anti-GBM disease) and reversible causes. Kidney biopsy is essential in these cases and commonly demonstrates mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity, a high proportion of glomeruli affected by crescents, and areas of focal necrosis.
Management involves immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide combined with systemic glucocorticoids, following established vasculitis practice guidelines, alongside prophylactic measures accompanying immunosuppression.
The complete structured regimen — including sequencing, monitoring, and all prophylactic components — is available in the full protocol.