महिला रोगियों में डिस्टल मूत्रमार्ग के प्राथमिक यूरेथ्रल कार्सिनोमा का उपचार (स्टेज Ta–T2, N0)

References

• To provide the highest chance of local cure in females with localised urethral carcinoma, primary radical urethrectomy should include removal of all the periurethral tissue from the bulbocavernosus muscle, bilaterally and distally, with a cylinder of all adjacent soft tissue up to the pubic symphysis and bladder neck.
• Offer radical urethrectomy unless specific criteria for organ preservation are met.
• Offer urethra-sparing surgery as an alternative to primary urethrectomy to females with distal urethral tumours if negative surgical margins can be achieved intra-operatively.
• Offer local radiotherapy as an alternative to urethral surgery to females with localised urethral tumours but discuss local toxicity.
• With a median cumulative dose of 65 Gy (range 40–106 Gy), the five-year local control rate was 64% and seven-year CSS was 49%.
• In one study, the addition of brachytherapy to EBRT reduced the risk of local recurrence by a factor of 4.2.