बच्चे में मूत्राशय की पथरी का उपचार

References

• Offer children with bladder stones transurethral cystolithotripsy where possible.
• Offer children percutaneous cystolithotripsy where transurethral cystolithotripsy is not possible or is associated with a high risk of urethral stricture (e.g., young children, previous urethral reconstruction, and spinal cord injury).
• Suggest open cystolithotomy as an option for very large bladder stones in adults and children.
• Prefer "tubeless" procedure (without placing a catheter or drain) for children with primary bladder stones and no prior infection, surgery, or bladder dysfunction where open cystolithotomy is indicated.
• Open, laparoscopic, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are alternative treatments where endoscopic treatment is not advisable in adults and children.
• In both adults and children, transurethral cystolithotripsy provides high SFRs and appears to be safe, with a very low-risk of unplanned procedures and major post-operative and late complications.