Frostbite
ICD-10 T33 · ICD-11 NE40

Treatment of Superficial Extremity Frostbite (Grade 1–2)

Superficial frostbite of the extremities is classified as grade 1 or grade 2 based on tissue involvement and whether blisters are present. Skin findings range from no cyanosis to cyanosis confined to the distal phalanx.

Grade 1

Superficial injury without blister formation

Grade 2

Superficial injury with clear blister formation

Absence of cyanosis Cyanosis on distal phalanx

Care is grade-directed — wound management decisions differ based on whether blisters are present and their characteristics — and includes elevation of the affected extremity.

References
  • Superficial Grade 1
  • Superficial Grade 2
  • Absence of cyanosis
  • Cyanosis on distal phalanx
  • Grade 1 injuries without blisters can be left open to air and do not require wound care or dressings.
  • Grade 2 injuries with clear blisters may be considered for debridement if they are larger than 2cm or impair range of motion. Topical antimicrobial ointment can then be applied and non-stick dressing or greasy gauze placed.
  • Elevate affected body parts.