Chez les patients asymptomatiques présentant une insuffisance aortique sévère chronique, les dimensions ventriculaires et la fonction systolique déterminent le moment où une intervention devient nécessaire. Ce protocole couvre les seuils qui déclenchent une recommandation chirurgicale ainsi que les considérations guidant le choix de la procédure.
La chirurgie est indiquée ou peut être envisagée lorsque l'un des critères suivants est satisfait dans le contexte d'une IA sévère chronique asymptomatique :
AV surgery is recommended in asymptomatic patients with severe AR and LVESD >50 mm or LVESDi >25 mm/m² [especially in patients with small body size (BSA <1.68 m²)] or resting LVEF ≤50%.
AV surgery may be considered in asymptomatic patients with severe AR and LVESDi >22 mm/m², or LVESVic >45 mL/m² [especially in patients with small body size (BSA <1.68 m²)], or resting LVEF ≤55%, if the surgical risk is low.
AV surgery is recommended in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe AR undergoing CABG or surgery of the ascending aorta.
AV replacement is still the standard surgical approach in most AR cases.
AV repair should be considered in selected patients with severe AR at experienced centres, when durable results are expected.
When performed by experienced surgeons in well-selected young individuals, pulmonary autograft implantation (Ross operation) may also be a good alternative to prosthetic valve replacement.
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