Follicular thyroid cancer
ICD-10 C73 · ICD-11 2D10.0

Treatment of Follicular Thyroid Cancer with Prior Distant Metastasis or Bilateral Thyroid Tumors

Clinical Scenario

This protocol applies to patients with follicular thyroid cancer who have a prior diagnosis of distant metastasis, or who present with bilateral thyroid tumors. These findings define a higher-risk sub-population with specific surgical and systemic management implications.

Defining Conditions

Total thyroidectomy is performed in patients with a prior diagnosis of distant metastasis or bilateral thyroid tumors suitable for surgery. The presence of either condition is the key factor that shapes the management approach for this patient group.

Treatment Approach (partial overview)

Systemic therapy in this setting may involve multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. In tumors with specific molecular alterations, targeted agents are used instead — the selection determined by the molecular finding present.

Full agent selection, criteria, and sequencing are available in the complete protocol.

Instant Access to Structured Evidence-Based Regimens
References
DOI: 10.1530/ETJ-24-0146
In contrast, total thyroidectomy is performed in patients with a prior diagnosis of distant metastasis or bilateral thyroid tumors suitable for surgery.
Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib and lenvatinib are utilized for treating RAI-refractory FTCs.
Anti-angiogenic drugs are multikinase inhibitors, including sorafenib, lenvatinib, and cabozantinib.
Targeted agents include selective RET inhibitors (selpercatinib or pralsetinib) for FTCs harboring RET fusions or RET mutations, NTRK inhibitors (entrectinib and larotrectinib) for FTCs with NTRK fusions, and the BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination (dabrafenib/trametinib) for FTCs with BRAF V600E mutations.
Furthermore, pembrolizumab is considered for FTCs with a tumor mutational burden.
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