Essential thrombocythemia
ICD-10 D47.3 · ICD-11 3B63.1Z

Treatment After Hydroxyurea Failure in ET — Age >60, JAK2 Wild-Type with Cardiovascular Risk

This protocol applies to patients older than 60 years with essential thrombocythemia, no prior thrombosis, JAK2 wild-type status, and cardiovascular risk factors, in whom first-line therapy has not maintained adequate platelet control.

Clinical Scenario

Intermediate-risk essential thrombocythemia: age >60 years, no history of thrombosis, JAK2 wild-type, with cardiovascular risk factors. Risk stratification places this group in the intermediate category, where age and cardiovascular risk factors together inform treatment selection.

Previous Line — Failure Condition

First-line therapy consisted of hydroxyurea combined with once-daily low-dose aspirin. Escalation to this protocol is triggered when that regimen has not achieved the primary goal: maintaining platelet count in the normal range.

Next-Line Approach (Partial Overview)

A pegylated interferon-alpha preparation is among the agents considered in this setting, with selection guided by the patient’s age profile. The complete regimen, sequencing criteria, and monitoring parameters are available in the full protocol.

Treatment Goal

Platelet count kept in the normal range.

Instant Access to Structured Evidence-Based Regimens

References

DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27216

Figure 5 outlines our general treatment approach in ET, which starts with thrombosis risk stratification: very low (age ≤60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild-type), low (same as very low but JAK2 mutation present), intermediate (age >60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild-type), and high (thrombosis history present or age >60 years with JAK2 mutation).

Twice-daily aspirin is also our current treatment choice for intermediate-risk disease, but combination of a cytoreductive drug with once-daily aspirin is a reasonable alternative in intermediate-risk patients with CV risk factors (Figure 5).

ET patients who are either intolerant or resistant to HU are effectively managed by IFN-α (pegylated preparations preferred) or busulfan.

Among these 2 s-line drugs, we prefer the use of IFN-α for patients younger than age 65 years and busulfan in the older age group, although there is no controlled evidence to support or refute such a strategy.

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