Hiperparatiroidismo primario en neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1 — cuándo está indicado el tratamiento
Escenario clínico
Este protocolo se aplica a pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario relacionado con NEM1 que cumplen al menos una de las siguientes indicaciones de intervención:
- Enfermedad sintomática
- Evidencia de compromiso de órgano diana
- Adultos con calcio sérico total consistentemente >1 mg/dL (0,25 mmol/L) por encima del límite superior del rango de referencia
Enfoque terapéutico
Objetivos clínicos
Restaurar la normocalcemia y mantener una concentración de calcio sérico casi normal durante el mayor tiempo posible, con el menor número de operaciones posible, previniendo el daño de órganos diana y evitando el hipoparatiroidismo posoperatorio permanente.
References
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00119-6- Parathyroidectomy is indicated in children, adolescents, and adults diagnosed with MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism who are symptomatic or have evidence of target organ involvement.
- Irrespective of symptoms, parathyroidectomy is indicated in adults diagnosed with MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism, in whom total serum calcium levels are consistently >1 mg/dL (0·25 mmol/L) above the upper limit of the reference range of the specific assay used.
- In children, adolescents, and adults with MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism, subtotal (3–3·5 gland) parathyroidectomy with concomitant transcervical thymectomy is the recommended index operation, which should be performed by an experienced MEN1 parathyroid surgeon.
- In selected cases, unilateral clearance can be considered as the index operation for children or adolescents with MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism.
- The goals of management are to maintain a (near) normal serum calcium concentration for as long as possible with as few operations as possible and preventing or limiting target organ damage while avoiding permanent post-operative hypoparathyroidism.