Para adultos con presión arterial elevada, un programa estructurado y basado en evidencia de modificación del estilo de vida es el enfoque de primera línea recomendado para alcanzar los valores objetivo y reducir el riesgo cardiovascular a largo plazo.
El objetivo clínico es el control sostenido de la presión sistólica y diastólica:
Promedio PAS <130 mm Hg & Promedio PAD <80 mm HgEl manejo dirigido por guías clínicas se centra en un programa de estilo de vida multicomponente —que abarca cambios dietéticos, manejo específico del peso y un plan estructurado de actividad física— con objetivos específicos y cuantificados para cada factor modificable. El protocolo completo define qué componentes se aplican, en qué secuencia y en qué umbrales.
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356
For all adults, lifestyle changes, including maintaining or achieving a healthy weight, following a heart-healthy eating pattern (such as DASH [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension]), reducing sodium intake, increasing dietary potassium intake, adopting a moderate physical activity program, managing stress, and reducing or eliminating alcohol intake are strongly recommended to prevent or treat elevated blood pressure and hypertension.
In adults who have overweight or obesity, weight loss is recommended with a goal of at least 5% of body weight reduction to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
In adults with or without hypertension, a heart-healthy eating pattern, such as the DASH eating plan, is recommended to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
In adults with or without hypertension, reduction of dietary sodium intake is recommended to <2300 mg/d, moving toward an ideal limit of <1500 mg/d to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
In adults with or without hypertension, increasing physical activity, through a structured exercise program that includes aerobic exercise and/or resistance training, is recommended to prevent or treat elevated BP and hypertension.
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