En pacientes asintomáticos con regurgitación aórtica grave crónica, las dimensiones ventriculares y la función sistólica definen cuándo la intervención se vuelve necesaria. Este protocolo abarca los umbrales que desencadenan una recomendación quirúrgica y las consideraciones que guían la elección del procedimiento.
La cirugía está indicada o puede considerarse cuando se cumple alguno de los siguientes criterios en el contexto de RA grave crónica asintomática:
AV surgery is recommended in asymptomatic patients with severe AR and LVESD >50 mm or LVESDi >25 mm/m² [especially in patients with small body size (BSA <1.68 m²)] or resting LVEF ≤50%.
AV surgery may be considered in asymptomatic patients with severe AR and LVESDi >22 mm/m², or LVESVic >45 mL/m² [especially in patients with small body size (BSA <1.68 m²)], or resting LVEF ≤55%, if the surgical risk is low.
AV surgery is recommended in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe AR undergoing CABG or surgery of the ascending aorta.
AV replacement is still the standard surgical approach in most AR cases.
AV repair should be considered in selected patients with severe AR at experienced centres, when durable results are expected.
When performed by experienced surgeons in well-selected young individuals, pulmonary autograft implantation (Ross operation) may also be a good alternative to prosthetic valve replacement.
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