What Is the Treatment of Charles Bonnet Syndrome?
Overview
Charles Bonnet syndrome is a recognised, benign, non-psychiatric consequence of visual loss in which the visual cortex generates spontaneous neural activity to compensate for reduced sensory input, producing complex visual hallucinations in people who are otherwise cognitively intact.
First-Line Management — Partial Overview
Management centres on patient education and reassurance about the benign, non-psychiatric nature of the condition, combined with a structured set of behavioural and environmental strategies. The clinical goal is reduced frequency or intensity of visual hallucinations and minimal distress.
The complete structured regimen — including specific techniques, environmental guidance, and referral recommendations — is in the full protocol.
References
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-025-04215-0
- Patient education is an important intervention.
- Explaining CBS as spontaneous neural activity in the visual cortex compensating for reduced sensory input can enhance understanding and acceptance.
- For those who remain distressed, behavioural and environmental strategies may reduce symptom frequency or intensity.
- Anecdotal evidence suggests eye movements, blinking rapidly during an episode, or engaging in a distracting task may be effective for some people.
- Environmental modifications such as increasing ambient lighting to improve visual input may help to reduce symptoms.
- Relaxation techniques such as mindfulness or breathing exercises may help manage anxiety.
- At present, management should prioritise patient education, reassurance, behavioural strategies, and appropriate referral.