علاج عيب الحاجز البطيني مع زيادة الحمل الحجمي للبطين الأيسر وغياب ارتفاع ضغط الشريان الرئوي

References

1. In patients with evidence of LV volume overload and no PAH (no non-invasive signs of PAP elevation or invasive confirmation of PVR <3 WU in case of such signs), VSD closure is recommended regardless of symptoms.
2. Surgical closure can be performed with low operative mortality (1–2%) and good long-term results.
3. Transcatheter closure has become an alternative, particularly in residual VSDs, in VSDs that are poorly accessible for surgical closure, and in muscular VSDs that are located centrally in the interventricular septum.