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References

DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1451247

• Consider palliative radiotherapy for patients with localized tumor growth who are not candidates for radical treatment [III, B].
• Common indications for palliative radiotherapy include hemoptysis, pain, shortness of breath, and cough [III, B].
• Treatment plans vary, but the median dose typically is around 30 Gy, delivered in a range of fractions.
• Consider palliative surgical treatment for patients with pronounced symptoms of airway obstruction when radical treatment is not feasible [III, B].
• Utilize various endoscopic techniques, such as dilation, laser vaporization, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or argon coagulation, to restore the airway lumen [III, B].
• Reserve self-expanding metal stents for patients with an expected survival of 3–6 months, particularly those diagnosed with ACC [IV, B].
• The use of advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as SBRT, proton therapy, neutron therapy, and CIRT, may be considered in the treatment of tracheal carcinoma in highly selective cases, particularly when traditional treatment options are inadequate or infeasible.
• The percentage of patients showing improvement after 3 months of RT was 56.3% for shortness of breath and 72.2% for hemoptysis, with a mean duration of response reaching 12.5 months.