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References

1. This 6-month treatment regimen, 2HRZ(E)/4HR, comprises isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months followed by isoniazid and rifampicin for 4 months.
2. Adults with extrapulmonary TB are eligible for the 6-month 2HRZE/4HR regimen, except for those with TB of the central nervous system, bone or joint, for which some expert groups suggest longer therapy (i.e. 9–12 months).
3. In children (usually defined as being aged <10 years) in settings with a high background prevalence of isoniazid resistance or HIV infection, or in CLHIV, ethambutol should be used in the first 2 months of treatment; in all other situations ethambutol can be omitted, resulting in a 2HRZ/4HR regimen.
4. The classic symptoms of TB – cough, sputum production, fever and weight loss – generally improve within the first few weeks of treatment.
5. Cough and sputum production can persist after sputum conversion in patients with extensive lung damage (often due to late diagnosis), but even in those with extensive lung damage, improvement is usually seen within 1–2 months of effective treatment.