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References

• For adult patients hospitalized with osteomyelitis, parenteral followed by oral antibiotic therapy appears to be as effective as long-term parenteral therapy.
• Treatment typically lasts four to six weeks, but comparisons of treatment duration have not been well studied.
• Surgical bony debridement followed by drainage of any associated soft tissue abscess continues to be a mainstay of therapy, although there is no clear recommendation about which cases will require debridement.
• Debridement is typically indicated as part of the initial treatment in the presence of underlying orthopedic hardware and necrotic bone.
• Debridement can be supplemented with the placement of antibiotic-loaded collagen sponges, which has some evidence supporting improved outcomes.
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used as an adjunctive modality and may be particularly helpful in cases of chronic osteomyelitis.