الهياج المستمر في مريض مسموم بالكحول عند فشل التهدئة اللفظية

References

DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2023.01.010

Agitation is a common component of encounters for AI.

Agitation, particularly when associated with psychomotor activity or violence, puts the patient and staff at significant risk for morbidity, and thus warrants prompt treatment.

If verbal de-escalation is not successful and the AI patient remains agitated, medications to treat agitation should be utilized.

Intramuscular combination of a benzodiazepine and an antipsychotic allows for lower doses of each medication, which may mitigate side effects associated with larger doses of either.

Commonly used combinations are 5 mg of i.m. midazolam or 2 mg of lorazepam with 5 mg of droperidol, olanzapine, or haloperidol.

Intramuscular olanzapine, droperidol, and ziprasidone have more rapid onset and result in adequate sedation more often compared with haloperidol, though ziprasidone has a slower onset than olanzapine and droperidol.