متلازمة ألم المثانة المستمرة بعد فشل علاج الحقن داخل المثانة

References

• Primary bladder pain syndrome is the occurrence of persistent or recurrent pain perceived in the urinary bladder region, accompanied by at least one other symptom, such as pain worsening with bladder filling and daytime and/or night-time urinary frequency.
• There is no proven infection or other obvious local pathology.
• Consider submucosal bladder wall and trigonal injection of botulinum toxin type A plus hydrodistension if intravesical instillation therapies have failed.
• Offer neuromodulation before more invasive interventions.
• Pudendal nerve stimulation is superior to sacral neuromodulation for treatment of PBPS.
• Botulinum toxin type A trigonal-only injection seems effective and long-lasting, as 87% of patients reported improvement after three months follow-up.