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References

DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i2.90

• The cornerstone of all caustic ingestions is airway and hemodynamic stabilization.
• Intubation with direct visualization under fiberoptic laryngoscopy is most appropriate to avoid the risk of bleeding and further airway injury from "blind" airway access.
• If the epiglottis and larynx are edematous, tracheostomy should be performed.
• Upon admission, the patient should be kept fasting.
• Gastric acid suppression with H2 blockers or intravenous proton pump inhibitors are often initiated to allow faster mucosal healing and to prevent stress ulcers.
• Sucralfate is now a common adjunct in the management of acute ulcers.
• Referral to GI for endoscopy.
• Referral to surgery.
• Referral to psychiatry for non-accidental ingestions.