عقيدات الحبل الصوتي: الإدارة الجراحية عندما لا يحقق العلاج الصوتي غير الجراحي الشفاء

References

• Surgical removal of nodules includes excision with microsurgical instruments and the laser.
• There is a general consensus that surgical treatment of the nodules should aim at removing the minimum amount of mucosa from the vocal cord.
• The aims of treatment need to be carefully defined, e.g. resolution of nodules on endoscopic examination, improvement in levels of impairment, activity and participation, acoustic, perceptual and aerodynamic measurements.

DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001934.pub2