الأشلازيا: ماذا تفعل عندما لا يكون المريض مؤهلاً للعلاج النهائي

References

1. We recommend against the use of botulinum toxin injection as definitive therapy for achalasia patients. Botulinum toxin injection may be reserved for patients who are not candidates for other definitive therapies. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.04.231
2. Endoscopy-based injection of botulinum toxin reduces LES pressure by inhibiting release of acetylcholine from nerve endings.
3. The Eckardt score is based on the summation of 4 symptoms (dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, weight loss) that are graded according to severity, and treatment success is defined as a score ≤3.